Laboratory Refining (typically core drill matrix):

Bulk Density of Matrix
Blunge, Screen, Filter
Clay Yield & Mass Balance
Bleaching, Reductive & Oxidative
Sample Analysis (see below)

    

Pilot Plant Refining:

Hydrocyclones and Centrifuge
Froth Flotation
Selective Flocculation
Super Conducting Magnet
Calcination
Grinding/Milling
Mass Balance and Energy Calculation

 

  

Sample Analysis:

Clay

Mineralogy by XRD, SEM and TEM
Chemical Composition by XRF or ICP
Trace Metals by AA or ICP
Particle Size Distribution by Sedigraph or Malvern
Residue retained at 45um with identification
Surface Area and Pore Volume by N2 Absorption                                             
ISO Brightness and CIE L, a, b colours by Datacolour Elrepho 
Abrasion by Einlehner
Oil Absorption       
Viscosity by Torsion or Shear Viscometers
Modulus of Rupture
Fired Properties: Brightness; Contraction and Water Absorption 
Casting Properties: Cast Rate, Cast Concentration and Deflocculation Demand
Pozzolanic activity by Chapelle Test

Approved laboratories within the UK are sub contracted for some of these procedures.

JORC requirements are met wherever possible.

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